Jeremiah 52

Thus Judah Was Carried Away

The book ends not with a prophecy but with a report. Jerusalem is besieged, the king blinded, the temple stripped, and an exiled king let out of prison.

Zedekiah’s reign (597–586 B.C. by the Bible Dictionary): the siege begins in his ninth year and the city falls in his eleventh, 586. The last verses jump ahead to the thirty-seventh year of Jehoiachin’s captivity. Read with footnotes in Gospel Library

Background

Jeremiah 52 is not a prophecy. It “forms a historical conclusion” to the book, and since Jeremiah “did not go to Babylon but was taken to Egypt, it is doubtful that this chapter…

Jeremiah 52 is not a prophecy. It “forms a historical conclusion” to the book, and since Jeremiah “did not go to Babylon but was taken to Egypt, it is doubtful that this chapter was written by him. Perhaps it was added by his scribe, Baruch.” It runs close to 2 Kgs. 24:18–25:30, and it summarizes what Jer. 39 already told.

The chapter covers the last reign of Judah's kings, Zedekiah's, whom Babylon had set on the throne after taking Jehoiachin into exile. It gives the dates of the siege (verses 4–6), the flight and capture of the king (verses 7–11), the burning of the city and temple (verses 12–23), the execution of its leaders (verses 24–27), a count of the exiles (verses 28–30), and then a last scene in Babylon (verses 31–34). Its Nebuchadrezzar is the king the Kings account spells Nebuchadnezzar.

This is also the chapter that meets the Book of Mormon. The Bible reports that Zedekiah's sons were killed; Nephi the son of Helaman says that “all except it were Mulek” (Hel. 8:21), and Mulek's people were later found by Mosiah (Omni 1:15).

The thread through the chapter

The chapter has one pulse: what Jeremiah said would happen, happened. The king was to see the king of Babylon, go to Babylon, and not see it (Jer. 34:3; Ezek. 12:13); the temple's…

The chapter has one pulse: what Jeremiah said would happen, happened. The king was to see the king of Babylon, go to Babylon, and not see it (Jer. 34:3; Ezek. 12:13); the temple's remaining vessels were to go to Babylon (Jer. 27:19–22); and verse 3 traces Zedekiah's rebellion itself to the Lord's anger. The chapter gives dates, measurements, and numbers instead of speeches, and in that way it shows the earlier warnings coming due.

It then ends somewhere unexpected. The last scene is not the burning city but a descendant of David, long in prison, eating at a Babylonian king's table. Zedekiah's last act in the chapter is that he is put “in prison till the day of his death” (verse 11); Jehoiachin is brought out of prison and eats bread “continually” “all the days of his life” (verses 31–34). The chapter does not explain that ending. It leaves it as the last thing the book says.

Tap any highlighted phrase to open a note beneath its versein the margin.

Verses 1–3

Zedekiah and why he fell

In plain words

Zedekiah was twenty-one when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. His mother was Hamutal, daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah. He did what was evil in the Lord's sight, as Jehoiakim had. The Lord's anger was against Jerusalem and Judah until He had cast them out from His presence, and Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylon.

1 Zedekiah was one and twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. And his mother’s name was Hamutal the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.

Context #

An appendix, not a prophecy

The chapter is a historical appendix, and probably not Jeremiah's own writing.

The chapter is a historical appendix, and probably not Jeremiah's own writing. The previous chapter closes with “Thus far are the words of Jeremiah” (Jer. 51:64), which marks the end of his words. Chapter 52 is “a historical conclusion” to the book, and since Jeremiah was taken to Egypt, not Babylon (Jer. 43:6–7), it is “doubtful that this chapter was written by him,” and it may have been “added by his scribe, Baruch.”

Verses 1–3 repeat almost word for word 2 Kgs. 24:18–20, and the chapter follows the Kings account, with additions: the count of the pomegranates on the pillars (verse 23) and the list of exiles (verses 28–30) have no counterpart in 2 Kgs. 25. It is “a summary of historical material previously covered (see Jeremiah 39) and a record of further events,” chiefly the treatment of Jehoiachin at the end.

Sources: “Jeremiah”, Bible Dictionary. Chapter 24: The Babylonian Captivity (Jeremiah 20–22; 24–29; 32; 34–45; 52; Lamentations), Old Testament Student Manual: 1 Kings–Malachi (2003). The Holy Scriptures (Latter-day Saint editions), text and chapter headings, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

2 And he did that which was evil in the eyes of the LORD, according to all that Jehoiakim had done.

3 For through the anger of the LORD it came to pass in Jerusalem and Judah, till he had cast them out from his presence, that Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylon.

Context #

Why Zedekiah's rebellion is called the Lord's anger

Verse 3 sees Zedekiah's revolt from two sides at once: politically he “rebelled against the king of Babylon,” but beneath that, “through the anger of the LORD” Judah was being…

Verse 3 sees Zedekiah's revolt from two sides at once: politically he “rebelled against the king of Babylon,” but beneath that, “through the anger of the LORD” Judah was being “cast out from his presence.” The same sentence stands in 2 Kgs. 24:20. Nothing in it excuses Zedekiah, who, “ignoring the repeated warnings of Jeremiah… rebelled, and once again the Babylonians came against Jerusalem.”

Why the Lord allowed the city to fall can be answered from the prophets who lived through it. Nephi says that “when the Spirit ceaseth to strive with man then cometh speedy destruction” (2 Ne. 26:11). Read through the words of Jeremiah, Lehi, and Ezekiel, the people of Jerusalem showed six features of those who are losing the Light of Christ, among them the repetition and rationalization of sin, a seared conscience, and the rejection of the prophets, and so were “ripe for destruction.” That list is a scholar's synthesis of what these prophets say, not a statement of doctrine.

Sources: Chapter 24: The Babylonian Captivity (Jeremiah 20–22; 24–29; 32; 34–45; 52; Lamentations), Old Testament Student Manual: 1 Kings–Malachi (2003). The Holy Scriptures (Latter-day Saint editions), text and chapter headings, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Scripture Central, “Why Did the Lord Allow Jerusalem to Be Destroyed?”, KnoWhy #637 (August 16, 2022).

Verses 4–11

The siege and the king's flight

In plain words

In Zedekiah's ninth year, on the tenth day of the tenth month, Nebuchadrezzar and his whole army camped against Jerusalem and built siege works all around it. The city was besieged until Zedekiah's eleventh year. On the ninth day of the fourth month the famine was so severe that the people had no bread. Then the wall was breached, and all the soldiers fled by night through the gate between the two walls, by the king's garden, while the Chaldeans surrounded the city, and they went toward the plain. The Chaldean army chased the king and caught him in the plains of Jericho, and his army scattered. They brought him to the king of Babylon at Riblah in Hamath, who passed sentence on him. The king of Babylon killed Zedekiah's sons before his eyes and killed all the princes of Judah at Riblah. Then he put out Zedekiah's eyes, bound him in chains, took him to Babylon, and kept him in prison until he died.

4 And it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth month, in the tenth day of the month, that Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon came, he and all his army, against Jerusalem, and pitched against it, and built forts against it round about.

Context #

The day the siege began

The siege's first day is dated twice, once here and once by another prophet.

The siege's first day is dated twice, once here and once by another prophet. On the same day, “in the ninth year, in the tenth month, in the tenth day of the month,” the Lord told Ezekiel to “write thee the name of the day, even of this same day: the king of Babylon set himself against Jerusalem this same day” (Ezek. 24:1–2).

The siege ran from this day until Zedekiah's eleventh year (verse 5), the ninth day of the fourth month (verse 6): about a year and a half, with conditions “almost beyond imagination.” An eyewitness description of the famine is in Lam. 4:1–10.

5 So the city was besieged unto the eleventh year of king Zedekiah.

6 And in the fourth month, in the ninth day of the month, the famine was sore in the city, so that there was no bread for the people of the land.

7 Then the city was broken up, and all the men of war fled, and went forth out of the city by night by the way of the gate between the two walls, which was by the king’s garden; (now the Chaldeans were by the city round about:) and they went by the way of the plain.

8 But the army of the Chaldeans pursued after the king, and overtook Zedekiah in the plains of Jericho; and all his army was scattered from him.

9 Then they took the king, and carried him up unto the king of Babylon to Riblah in the land of Hamath; where he gave judgment upon him.

10 And the king of Babylon slew the sons of Zedekiah before his eyes: he slew also all the princes of Judah in Riblah.

Related Scriptures #

Not all of Zedekiah's sons

The Book of Mormon corrects what verse 10 implies: not all of Zedekiah's sons were killed.

The Book of Mormon corrects what verse 10 implies: not all of Zedekiah's sons were killed. “Book of Mormon references to Zedekiah are many, a notable contribution being the information that not all of the sons of Zedekiah were slain (as implied in Jer. 52:10), for one son, Mulek, came to the Western Hemisphere.” Nephi the son of Helaman asks his hearers, “Will ye say that the sons of Zedekiah were not slain, all except it were Mulek?” (Hel. 8:21). Amaleki records that the people of Zarahemla “came out from Jerusalem at the time that Zedekiah, king of Judah, was carried away captive into Babylon” (Omni 1:15).

How Mulek escaped is not told. One scholarly suggestion is that he “was not in Jerusalem at the time it was destroyed,” either sent out as an envoy or led away earlier “in hopes of preserving an heir to the throne”; it is “likely,” not certain.

Sources: “Zedekiah”, Bible Dictionary. Scripture Central, “How Did Mulek Get to the New World?”, KnoWhy #753 (September 20, 2024). The Holy Scriptures (Latter-day Saint editions), text and chapter headings, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

11 Then he put out the eyes of Zedekiah; and the king of Babylon bound him in chains, and carried him to Babylon, and put him in prison till the day of his death.

Related Scriptures #

He saw Babylon's king, and did not see Babylon

Two earlier prophecies fit what happened to Zedekiah. Jeremiah told him “thine eyes shall behold the eyes of the king of Babylon, and he shall speak with thee mouth to mouth, and…

Two earlier prophecies fit what happened to Zedekiah. Jeremiah told him “thine eyes shall behold the eyes of the king of Babylon, and he shall speak with thee mouth to mouth, and thou shalt go to Babylon” (Jer. 34:3). Ezekiel was told of a prince who would be “taken in my snare” and brought “to Babylon to the land of the Chaldeans; yet shall he not see it, though he shall die there” (Ezek. 12:13).

The two statements look as if they conflict until verses 9–11 are read together: Zedekiah stands before Nebuchadrezzar at Riblah, watches his sons killed, and is then blinded before being carried to Babylon. Ezekiel's earlier verse also has the prince leave “through the wall” and “cover his face, that he see not the ground” (Ezek. 12:12), which matches the flight “by night” “between the two walls” in verse 7. The fall of the city settled the apparent conflict: “both prophets were vindicated by subsequent events.”

Sources: The Holy Scriptures (Latter-day Saint editions), text and chapter headings, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Chapter 19: Judah’s Return to Wickedness (2 Kings 21–25), Old Testament Student Manual: 1 Kings–Malachi (2003), 213–17.

Verses 12–23

The city and the temple burned

In plain words

On the tenth day of the fifth month, in Nebuchadrezzar's nineteenth year, Nebuzar-adan, captain of the guard, came into Jerusalem. He burned the temple, the king's palace, and every great house, and the Chaldean army tore down the walls all around. He took captive some of the poor, the rest of the people left in the city, those who had gone over to Babylon, and the rest of the crowd, but left some of the poorest to be vinedressers and farmers. The Chaldeans broke up the bronze pillars, the stands, and the great bronze sea, and carried the bronze to Babylon, along with all the smaller bronze vessels, and the gold and silver ones. Solomon's bronze was beyond weighing. Each pillar stood eighteen cubits high, hollow, topped with a bronze capital decorated with network and pomegranates, ninety-six on the sides and a hundred in all.

12 Now in the fifth month, in the tenth day of the month, which was the nineteenth year of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, came Nebuzar-adan, captain of the guard, which served the king of Babylon, into Jerusalem,

Language #

The seventh day or the tenth

This verse gives the tenth day of the fifth month for the day Nebuzar-adan came to burn the city, while 2 Kgs. 25:8 gives the seventh day of the same month, in the same nineteenth…

This verse gives the tenth day of the fifth month for the day Nebuzar-adan came to burn the city, while 2 Kgs. 25:8 gives the seventh day of the same month, in the same nineteenth year of the same king. One reading is that the difference “has arisen through one number having been mistaken for another in copying” and that “it cannot now be decided which is correct.” The same account is told twice with one number different, and nothing else in the chapter depends on the day.

Sources: The Holy Scriptures (Latter-day Saint editions), text and chapter headings, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Carl Friedrich Keil, Biblical Commentary on the Prophecies of Jeremiah, Trans. David Patrick and James Kennedy. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1874–1880; in Keil and Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament, online at Bible Hub.

13 And burned the house of the LORD, and the king’s house; and all the houses of Jerusalem, and all the houses of the great men, burned he with fire:

14 And all the army of the Chaldeans, that were with the captain of the guard, brake down all the walls of Jerusalem round about.

15 Then Nebuzar-adan the captain of the guard carried away captive certain of the poor of the people, and the residue of the people that remained in the city, and those that fell away, that fell to the king of Babylon, and the rest of the multitude.

16 But Nebuzar-adan the captain of the guard left certain of the poor of the land for vinedressers and for husbandmen.

Context #

Who was left in the land

The Babylonians took the leaders, craftsmen, and the rest of the city, and left behind the poorest to work the land.

The Babylonians took the leaders, craftsmen, and the rest of the city, and left behind the poorest to work the land. Jer. 39:10 says Nebuzar-adan “left of the poor of the people, which had nothing, in the land of Judah, and gave them vineyards and fields at the same time.” Those who stayed had a governor: Nebuchadnezzar “made Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, the son of Shaphan, ruler” over them (2 Kgs. 25:22).

Jeremiah 52 does not mention Gedaliah, though Kings does. One reading is that the story was omitted here because it has already been told in Jeremiah 40:7–43:7 at greater length and did not bear on this chapter's purpose.

17 Also the pillars of brass that were in the house of the LORD, and the bases, and the brasen sea that was in the house of the LORD, the Chaldeans brake, and carried all the brass of them to Babylon.

Related Scriptures #

Solomon's bronze, carried to Babylon and brought back

The long list of broken pillars and carried vessels shows Solomon's temple being taken apart, and it fulfills a warning Jeremiah had given.

The long list of broken pillars and carried vessels shows Solomon's temple being taken apart, and it fulfills a warning Jeremiah had given. The two pillars Solomon cast were “eighteen cubits high apiece” (1 Kgs. 7:15); verse 20 says the brass of the vessels “was without weight,” echoing the statement that Solomon “left all the vessels unweighed, because they were exceeding many” (1 Kgs. 7:47).

Years earlier Jeremiah had said that the “pillars,” the “sea,” and the other vessels still in the city “shall be carried to Babylon, and there shall they be until the day that I visit them, saith the Lord; then will I bring them up, and restore them to this place” (Jer. 27:19–22). The chapter reports the first half. The second half is told in Ezra 1:7–11: Cyrus “brought forth the vessels of the house of the Lord,” numbered to Sheshbazzar, “five thousand and four hundred” in all.

Sources: The Holy Scriptures (Latter-day Saint editions), text and chapter headings, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

18 The caldrons also, and the shovels, and the snuffers, and the bowls, and the spoons, and all the vessels of brass wherewith they ministered, took they away.

19 And the basins, and the firepans, and the bowls, and the caldrons, and the candlesticks, and the spoons, and the cups; that which was of gold in gold, and that which was of silver in silver, took the captain of the guard away.

20 The two pillars, one sea, and twelve brasen bulls that were under the bases, which king Solomon had made in the house of the LORD: the brass of all these vessels was without weight.

21 And concerning the pillars, the height of one pillar was eighteen cubits; and a fillet of twelve cubits did compass it; and the thickness thereof was four fingers: it was hollow.

22 And a chapiter of brass was upon it; and the height of one chapiter was five cubits, with network and pomegranates upon the chapiters round about, all of brass. The second pillar also and the pomegranates were like unto these.

23 And there were ninety and six pomegranates on a side; and all the pomegranates upon the network were an hundred round about.

Verses 24–27

The leaders put to death

In plain words

The captain took the chief priest Seraiah, the second priest Zephaniah, and the three doorkeepers. From the city he also took an officer in charge of the soldiers, seven of the king's close attendants, the chief scribe of the army, who enrolled the people, and sixty of the people. He brought them to the king of Babylon at Riblah, who had them put to death. So Judah was carried away captive out of its land.

24 And the captain of the guard took Seraiah the chief priest, and Zephaniah the second priest, and the three keepers of the door:

25 He took also out of the city an eunuch, which had the charge of the men of war; and seven men of them that were near the king’s person, which were found in the city; and the principal scribe of the host, who mustered the people of the land; and threescore men of the people of the land, that were found in the midst of the city.

26 So Nebuzar-adan the captain of the guard took them, and brought them to the king of Babylon to Riblah.

27 And the king of Babylon smote them, and put them to death in Riblah in the land of Hamath. Thus Judah was carried away captive out of his own land.

Verses 28–30

The count of the exiles

In plain words

This is the number of those Nebuchadrezzar carried away: in his seventh year 3,023 Jews; in his eighteenth year 832 people from Jerusalem; in his twenty-third year 745 Jews, taken by Nebuzar-adan. In all 4,600.

28 This is the people whom Nebuchadrezzar carried away captive: in the seventh year three thousand Jews and three and twenty:

Context #

Counting the exiles

The three counts, 3,023 in Nebuchadrezzar's seventh year, 832 in his eighteenth, and 745 in his twenty-third, total the 4,600 of verse 30, but they are not the whole exile.

The three counts, 3,023 in Nebuchadrezzar's seventh year, 832 in his eighteenth, and 745 in his twenty-third, total the 4,600 of verse 30, but they are not the whole exile. Kings gives “ten thousand captives” for the first deportation (2 Kgs. 24:14), and the 832 “doubtless refers only to adult males and likely only to inhabitants of Jerusalem. The number of deportees was much larger.” So these figures are counts of particular groups, not of the whole exile.

There is a second puzzle: the list puts the second deportation in Nebuchadrezzar's eighteenth year, while verse 12 puts the burning of the city in his nineteenth. One reading is that the list came from another source that counted the king's years from a different starting point. The chapter does not settle it.

Sources: The Holy Scriptures (Latter-day Saint editions), text and chapter headings, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Enrichment G: Babylonia and the Conquest of Judah, Old Testament Student Manual: 1 Kings–Malachi (2003). Carl Friedrich Keil, Biblical Commentary on the Prophecies of Jeremiah, Trans. David Patrick and James Kennedy. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1874–1880; in Keil and Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament, online at Bible Hub.

29 In the eighteenth year of Nebuchadrezzar he carried away captive from Jerusalem eight hundred thirty and two persons:

30 In the three and twentieth year of Nebuchadrezzar Nebuzar-adan the captain of the guard carried away captive of the Jews seven hundred forty and five persons: all the persons were four thousand and six hundred.

Verses 31–34

Jehoiachin freed

In plain words

In the thirty-seventh year of the exile of Jehoiachin king of Judah, on the twenty-fifth day of the twelfth month, Evil-merodach, in the first year of his reign as king of Babylon, brought Jehoiachin out of prison. He spoke kindly to him and set his seat above those of the other kings with him in Babylon. Jehoiachin changed out of his prison clothes and ate at the king's table for the rest of his life, and the king gave him a daily allowance until he died.

31 And it came to pass in the seven and thirtieth year of the captivity of Jehoiachin king of Judah, in the twelfth month, in the five and twentieth day of the month, that Evil-merodach king of Babylon in the first year of his reign lifted up the head of Jehoiachin king of Judah, and brought him forth out of prison,

Context #

The king let out of prison

Jehoiachin is the Judean king taken into exile before Zedekiah's reign, also called Jeconiah and Coniah; he is dated to 598 B.C.

Jehoiachin is the Judean king taken into exile before Zedekiah's reign, also called Jeconiah and Coniah; he is dated to 598 B.C. Jeremiah had spoken harshly of him: he was a signet the Lord would pluck off and give into Nebuchadnezzar's hand, never to return (Jer. 22:24–30), and “no man of his seed shall prosper, sitting upon the throne of David.”

The chapter ends with a kindness: after thirty-seven years in exile Evil-merodach “spake kindly unto him, and set his throne above the throne of the kings that were with him in Babylon.” The same account closes 2 Kgs. 25:27–30. The two accounts differ on the day: the twenty-fifth here, the twenty-seventh in Kings. The contrast with Zedekiah is stark: the king who rebelled was blinded and held in prison “till the day of his death” (verse 11); the king who had gone into exile earlier is fed and housed for life. The chapter says no more about why.

Sources: “Jehoiachin”, Bible Dictionary. Chapter 24: The Babylonian Captivity (Jeremiah 20–22; 24–29; 32; 34–45; 52; Lamentations), Old Testament Student Manual: 1 Kings–Malachi (2003). Enrichment G: Babylonia and the Conquest of Judah, Old Testament Student Manual: 1 Kings–Malachi (2003). The Holy Scriptures (Latter-day Saint editions), text and chapter headings, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

32 And spake kindly unto him, and set his throne above the throne of the kings that were with him in Babylon,

33 And changed his prison garments: and he did continually eat bread before him all the days of his life.

34 And for his diet, there was a continual diet given him of the king of Babylon, every day a portion until the day of his death, all the days of his life.

Witness of Christ #

Jechonias in Matthew's genealogy

Jehoiachin, the king who survives at the end of Jeremiah, appears in the genealogy of Jesus.

Jehoiachin, the king who survives at the end of Jeremiah, appears in the genealogy of Jesus. He is also called Jeconiah, and Salathiel is among “the sons of Jeconiah” (1 Chr. 3:17); Matthew records that “after they were brought to Babylon, Jechonias begat Salathiel; and Salathiel begat Zorobabel” (Matt. 1:12). Jeremiah's own word was that none of Jehoiachin's seed would prosper “sitting upon the throne of David” (Jer. 22:30). The book ends with that king alive and honored in exile, and Matthew traces David's line through him to Jesus.

Sources: The Holy Scriptures (Latter-day Saint editions), text and chapter headings, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. “Jehoiachin”, Bible Dictionary.

Seeing Christ in Jeremiah 52

The chapter shows what a kingdom looks like when its kings fail: a Zedekiah (the name means “The Lord (is) righteousness,” and is cited with Jer. 23:6 and Jer. 33:16) who does evil, and whose city, temple, and sons are lost. Jeremiah had earlier spoken of a coming king, and 23:1–6 is the “promise of the king Messiah.” In the last verses a king of David's line is alive in Babylon, and Matthew's genealogy of Jesus names him (Matt. 1:12). The temple's vessels, carried off here, are promised back (Jer. 27:22).

Worth exploring next

The fall in detail. Compare Jer. 39 and 2 Kgs. 25:1–30, and read the eyewitness grief of Lam. 4.
The prophets who foresaw it. Jer. 34:1–5, Jer. 27:19–22, and Ezek. 12:1–16.
Mulek's people. Read Omni 1:12–19, Hel. 6:10, and Hel. 8:20–21.
The return of the vessels. Ezra 1:7–11.
The exiles with Jehoiachin. Jer. 24 and Jer. 29.

This chapter elsewhere in scripture

Hel. 8:21 — Nephi the son of Helaman says that all of Zedekiah's sons were slain "except it were Mulek."
Omni 1:15 — Amaleki says the people of Zarahemla came out from Jerusalem when Zedekiah was carried away captive, the time of verses 9–11.
Hel. 6:10 — Mulek is brought "into the land north," the Lord's work after the events of this chapter.

Sources & further reading

“Jeremiah”, Bible Dictionary.
“Zedekiah”, Bible Dictionary.
“Jehoiachin”, Bible Dictionary.
Chapter 19: Judah’s Return to Wickedness (2 Kings 21–25), Old Testament Student Manual: 1 Kings–Malachi (2003), 213–17.
Chapter 24: The Babylonian Captivity (Jeremiah 20–22; 24–29; 32; 34–45; 52; Lamentations), Old Testament Student Manual: 1 Kings–Malachi (2003).
Enrichment G: Babylonia and the Conquest of Judah, Old Testament Student Manual: 1 Kings–Malachi (2003).
Carl Friedrich Keil, Biblical Commentary on the Prophecies of Jeremiah, Trans. David Patrick and James Kennedy. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1874–1880; in Keil and Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament, online at Bible Hub.
The Holy Scriptures (Latter-day Saint editions), text and chapter headings, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Scripture Central, “Why Did the Lord Allow Jerusalem to Be Destroyed?”, KnoWhy #637 (August 16, 2022).
Scripture Central, “How Did Mulek Get to the New World?”, KnoWhy #753 (September 20, 2024).

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